BIOLOGY 9th Class Introduction to Biology Chapter 1

Science: Knowledge based on observations and experiments is called science. Dr. Abdul Salam said Scientific knowledge is a common heritage of mankind. BIOLOGY 9th Class Introduction to Biology Chapter 1

What is Biology?

The scientific study of life is called biology. Word Biology is derived from two Greek words, bios mean life, and logos means study. BIOLOGY 9th Class Introduction to Biology Chapter 1

What are the Divisions of Biology?

1. BOTANY: It deals with the study of plants.
2. ZOOLOGY: It deals with the study of animals.
3. MICROBIOLOGY: It deals with the study of microorganisms.

What are the branches of BIOLOGY?

1. MORPHOLOGY: It deals with the study of the form & shape of living organisms.
2. ANATOMY: It deals with the study of the internal structures of living organisms.
3. HISTOLOGY: It deals with the study of the tissue of living organisms.
4. CELL BIOLOGY: It deals with the study of cells and cell organelles.
5. PHYSIOLOGY: It deals with the study of the functions of parts of living organisms.
6. GENETICS: It deals with the study of genes.
7. EMBRYOLOGY: It deals with the study of embryos.
8. TAXONOMY: It deals with the study of classifications of living organisms.
9. PALAEONTOLOGY: It deals with the study of fossils.
10. ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY: It deals with the study of the relationship between the environment and living organisms.

Describe Careers/Professions in biology.

1. Medicine: It deals with the diagnosis and treatment of human diseases.
2. Surgery: In surgery, parts of the body are repaired, replaced, or removed.
3. e.g. renal surgery: “removal of stone from the kidney is called renal surgery.” 3.Fisheries: “Study of fish production is called fisheries.”
4. Agriculture: “It deals with the study of crops and animals which are sources of food.”
5. Animal husbandry: “It deals with the care and breeding of domestic animals.” e.g. cow, goat, sheep
6. Horticulture: “It deals with the art of gardening.” It is also related to agriculture because work is done for the betterness of plants.
7. Farming: “It deals with the development of different farms of animals and plants. e.g. in poultry farms chickens and eggs are produced.
8. Forestry: It deals with caring for natural forests and growing artificial forests.
9. .Biotechnology: Different substances are obtained from living organisms that are used for human welfare. It is called biotechnology

What is the Relationship of Biology to Other Sciences?

1. Biophysics: “Use of physics laws in biology is called biophysics.” For example, the working principle of the lever and limbs of animals is the same.
2. Biomathematics/Biometry: “Use of mathematical tools in biology is called biometry.”
3. Biogeography: “Study of those parts of the earth at which living organisms live is called biogeography.”
4. Bioeconomics: “Use of economics in biology is called bioeconomics.”
5. Biochemistry: “Study of chemical compounds and reactions that occurs in living organisms is called biochemistry.”